The new approach is described today in the journal Physical Review Letters in a paper by graduate student Yi-Xiang Liu, former graduate student Ashok Ajoy, and professor of nuclear science and engineering Paola Cappellaro.
The technique builds on a platform already developed to probe magnetic fields with high precision, using tiny defects in diamond called nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. By exploiting a secondary oscillator provided by the nitrogen atom’s nuclear spin, the researchers were able to measure the magnetic field component perpendicular to the NV axis, in addition to its longitudinal component more traditionally measured by the NV center electronic spin.